Image # 112248
Lang's note: The caravan of the Congo Expedition. In the center of the picture are 15 of the native assistants - 140 men in all. Pawa, Congo Belge, Oct. 21, 1911.

Belgian administrators would send orders to local chiefs, commanding that they produce a certain number of porters for the expedition on a certain day. The porters were paid in cloth, salt, and other goods. "It is true," Chapin later wrote, "that this was rather oppressive, but it must be remembered that there were no bullocks or other beasts of burden in that forested part of Africa."

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