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Congo bibliography: Protozoa

  1. Akinboade, O. A, and O. O Dipeolu. Comparison of blood smear and indirect fluorescent antibody techniques in detection of haemoparasite infections in trade cattle in Nigeria. 95-104.
    Abstract: blood parasites in trade cattle, monthly prevalence of infections and mixed infections detected by stained blood smears from July 1979 to June 1980, % of sera positive for Babesia bigemina, B. bovis, and Anaplasma marginale in indirect fluorescent antibody test
  2. Akol, G. W. O, and M Murray. Early events following challenge of cattle with tsetse infected with Trypanosoma congolense: Development of the local skin reaction. 295-302.
    Abstract: Glossina morsitans morsitans infected with cloned isolates of Trypanosoma congolense and fed on cattle elicited local skin reaction, morphological and histopathological development of this chancre, detection of parasites in skin preceded by several days parasitaemia and other clinical signs, concluded that skin acted as focus not only for establishment of infection but also as site for proliferation of parasite before dissemination into bloodstream
  3. ———. Trypanosoma congolense: Susceptibility of cattle to cyclical challenge. 386-93.
    Abstract: Trypanosoma congolense, cattle primed by cyclical infection with Glossina m. morsitans infected with cloned derivatives of parasite were immune to cyclical challenge with homologous (but not heterologous) clones (and were not always immune to cyclical challenge with parent parasite stock) as assessed by development of chancres and parasitemias
  4. Anglada, R., J. Jouval, and R. M'Boro. Foraminiferes Tertiaires dans les bassins ouest-africains: quelques representants de la famille des Bolivinitidae Cushman (Foraminiferida): Cahiers De Micropaleontologie Nouvelle Serie 1981(2) 1981: 23-30, Illustr.
  5. Aurisano, R. Palynostratigraphy, graphic correlation, and the Albian-Cenomanian boundary, offshore Gabon and Congo: Bulletin Centre De Recherches Exploration-Production Elf-Aquitaine Memoire No. 13 1992: 347-363, Illustr.
  6. Bafort, J. M. Anopheles marshalli s.l., a secondary vector of malaria in Africa: Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 79(4) 1985: 566-567.
  7. Balber, A. E. Growth of Trypanosoma brucei gambiense, T. b. rhodesiense, and T. congolense in bone marrow cultures of genetically anemic Sl/Sld mice. 179-80.
  8. Baldry, D. A. T. Control of tsetse flies. p. 290-299.
    Abstract: tsetse flies (vectors of human and animal trypanosomiasis), current integrated approach to control
  9. Basabose, K. Relationship between anophelism of fish ponds and malaria transmission at Lwiro-Katana, eastern Zaire: African Study Monographs 16(3) 1995: 149-158, Illustr.
  10. Baudet, D. Implications of a palynological study in the Upper Precambrian from eastern Kasai and northwestern Shaba, Zaire: Geological Journal Special Issues No. 22 (Winter Thematic Issue 1987: 121-137, Illustr.
  11. Becerra, V. M, A. A. S Eggen, R. C De Rooy, and G Uilenberg. Theileria orientalis in cattle in Ethiopia. 362-64.
    Abstract: Theileria orientalis, occurrence in cattle in western Ethiopia confirmed on morphological and serological (indirect fluorescent antibody test) grounds, local vector remains unknown; other blood parasites and ticks also noted
  12. Ben Abderrazak, S., B. Oury, A. A. Lal, M. F. Bosseno, P. Force-Barge, J. P. Dujardin, T. Fandeur, J. F. Molez, F. Kjellberg, F. J. Ayala, and M. Tibayrenc. 1999. Plasmodium Falciparum: Population Genetic Analysis by Multilocus Enzyme Electrophoresis and Other Molecular Markers. Experimental Parasitology 92, no. 4: 232-38.
    Abstract: Population genetic analysis by multilocus enzyme electrophoresis and other molecular markers. Experimental Parasitology 92, 232-238. The population structure of Plasmodium falcipartum, the agent of malignant malaria, is uncertain. We have analyzed multilocus enzyme electrophoresis (MLEE) polymorphisms at 7-12 gene loci in each of four populations (two populations in Burkina Faso, one in Sudan, one in Congo), plus one "cosmopolitan" sample consisting of parasite cultures from 15 distant localities in four different continents. We have also performed random amplified polymorphic DNA analysis (RAPD) and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) and characterized gene variation at four antigen genes in the Congo population. All genetic assays show abundant genetic variability in all populations analyzed. With the isoenzyme assays, strong linkage disequilibrium is apparent in at least two local populations, the Congo population and one population from Burkina Faso, as well as in the cosmopolitan sample, and less definitely in the other Burkina Faso population. However, no linkage disequilibrium is detected in the Congo population with the molecular assays. We failed to detect any nonrandom association between the different kinds of genetic markers; that is, MLEE with RAPD or RFLP, RAPD with RFLP, and so on. Although isoenzyme data show statistical departures from panmictic expectations, these results suggest that in the areas under survey, P. falciparum populations do not undergo predominant clonal evolution and show no clear-cut subdivisions, unlike Trypanosoma cruzi, Leishmania sp., and other major parasitic species. We discuss the epidemiological and taxonomical significance of these results. (C) 1999 Academic Press.
  13. Bialer, M, J El-On, B Yagen, and R Mechoulam. Antiparasitic structure-activity relationships of congocidine derivatives. 822-24.
    Abstract: congocidine derivatives (tri- and monopyrrole analogs) synthesized and tested for in vivo activity against Trypanosoma congolense and in vitro activity against amastigotes of Leishmania tropica, guanidinoacetyl moiety appears to be structural requirement for antiparasitic activity in congocidine series
  14. Bishop, R, A. J. Musoke, S Morzaria, B Sohanpal, and E Gobright. 1997. Concerted evolution at a multicopy locus in the protozoan parasite Theileria parva: Extreme divergence of potential protein-coding sequences. Molecular and Cellular Biology.
    Abstract: Concerted evolution of multicopy gene families in vertebrates is recognized as an important force in the generation of biological novelty but has not been documented for the multicopy genes of protozoa. A multicopy locus, Tpr, which consists of tandemly arrayed open reading frames (ORFs) containing several repeated elements has been described for Theileria parva. Herein we show that probes derived from the 5'/N-terminal ends of ORFs in the genomic DNAs of T. parva Uganda (1,108 codons) and Boleni (699 codons) hybridized with multicopy sequences in homologous DNA but did not detect similar sequences in the DNA of 14 heterologous T. parva stocks and clones. The probe sequences were, however, protein coding according to predictive algorithms and codon usage. The 3'/C-terminal ends of the Uganda and Boleni ORFs exhibited 75% similarity and identity, respectively, to the previously identified Tpr1 and Tpr2 repetitive elements of T. parva Muguga. Tpr1-homologous sequences were detected in two additional species of Theileria. Eight different Tpr1-homologous transcripts were present in piroplasm mRNA from a single T. parva Muguga-infected animal. The Tpr1 and Tpr2 amino acid sequences contained six predicted membrane-associated segments. The ratio of synonymous to nonsynonymous substitutions indicates that Tpr1 evolves like protein-encoding DNA. The previously determined nucleotide sequence of the gene encoding the p67 antigen is completely identical in T. parva Muguga, Boleni, and Uganda, including the third base in codons. The data suggest that concerted evolution can lead to the radical divergence of coding sequences and that this can be a mechanism for the generation of novel genes
  15. Bogucki, M. S, M Onodera, N. L Rosen, J Lifter, and P. J Hotez. Trypanosoma congolense: Surface glycoproteins of two early bloodstream variants. III. Immunochemical characterization. 1-10.
    Abstract: Trypanosoma congolense, surface glycoproteins of two early bloodstream variants, immunochemical characterization
  16. Bourzat, D., and J. P. Gouteux. Donnees preliminaires sur le contact glossines-petits ruminants dans le massif forestier du Mayombe, Congo: Revue D'elevage Et De Medecine Veterinaire Des Pays Tropicaux 43(2) 1990[1991]: 199-206, Illustr.
  17. Bringaud, Frederic, Dominique Baltz, and Theo Baltz. 1998. Functional and molecular characterization of a glycosomal PPi-dependent enzyme in trypanosomatids: Pyruvate, phosphate dikinase. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.
    Abstract: Trypanosomatids are parasitic protists that have an ATP-dependent glycolysis with no indication of PPi-dependent metabolism. Most of the glycolysis takes place in peroxisome-like organelles, the glycosomes. We characterized in Trypanosoma brucei a single-copy gene encoding a PPi-dependent enzyme, pyruvate, phosphate dikinase (PPDK), which was expressed functionally in Escherichia coli. Specific antibodies detected a 100-kDa protein in procyclic forms but not in mammalian forms of T. brucei, indicating a differential expression. Glycosomal localization of PPDK was determined by immunofluorescence analysis and was confirmed by Western blot analysis on glycosomal fractions by using anti-PPDK antibodies. Expression and localization of recombinant PPDKs in procyclic forms of T. brucei showed that the AKL motif at the C-terminal extremity of PPDK is necessary for glycosomal targeting. PPDK was detected in every trypanosomatid tested-Trypanosoma congolense, Trypanosoma vivax, Trypanosoma cruzi, Phytomonas, Crithidia and Leishmania-with a good correlation between amount of protein and enzymatic activity. The precise role of PPDK in trypanosomatid carbohydrate metabolism remains to be clarified
  18. Brun, R. Cultivation of procyclic trypomastigotes of Trypanosoma congolense in a semi-defined medium with direct adaptation from bloodstream forms. 129-35.
    Abstract: Trypanosoma congolense, cultivation of procyclic trypomastigotes in semi-defined medium with direct adaptation from bloodstream forms
  19. Buck, A. A, R. Anderson I, and A. MacRae A. Epidemiology of poly-parasitism. 1. Occurrence, frequency and distribution of multiple infections in rural communities in Chad, Peru, Afghanistan, and Zaire: Tropenmedizin Und Parasitologie 29(1) 1978: 61-70, Illustr.
  20. Camus, E. Field diagnosis of bovine trypanosomiasis by the hematocrit centrifugation method: Diagnostic de la trypanosomose bovine sur le terrain par la methode de centrifugation hematocrite. 751-69.
  21. Carnevale, P., M. F. Bosseno, A. Zoulani, R. Michel, and J. F. Molez. La dynamique de la transmission du paludisme humain en zone de savane herbeuse et de foret degradee des environs nord et sud de Brazzaville, R.P. du Congo: Cahiers O.r.s.t.o.m. (Office De La Recherche Scientifique Et Technique Outre-Mer) Serie Entomologie Medicale Et Parasitologie 23(1) 1985: 95-115, Illustr.
  22. Caubere, P., F. Noireau, and J. L. Frezil. Mise en evidence de trypanosomes de reptiles chez Chrysops silacea et C. dimidiata (Diptera: Tabanidae) au Sud-Congo: Annales De Parasitologie Humaine Et Comparee 65(3) 1990: 149.
  23. Chardez, Didier. 1964. Thécamœbiens (Rhizopodes testacés) = Thecate amœbae (Rhizopoda testacea). Exploration Hydrobiologique Du Bassin Du Lac Bangweolo Et Du Luapula: Exploration Hydrobiologique Du Bassin Du Lac Bangweolo Et Du Luapula, v. 10, fasc. 2. Bruxelles: Cercle hydrobiologique de Bruxelles.
  24. Chulay, J. D, J. Haynes D, and C. Diggs L. Serotypes of Plasmodium falciparum defined by immune serum inhibition of in vitro growth: Bulletin of the World Health Organization 63(2) 1985: 317-323, Illustr.
  25. Coene, J. Malaria in urban and rural Kinshasa: the entomological input: Medical and Veterinary Entomology 7(2), April 1993: 127-137, Illustr.
  26. Crowe, J. S, J. D Barry, A. G Luckins, C. A Ross, and K Vickerman. All metacyclic variable antigen types of Trypanosoma congolense identified using monoclonal antibodies. 389-91.
    Abstract: Trypanosoma congolense, metacyclics obtained from uncloned West African stock used to produce monoclonal antibodies against metacyclic variable antigen types, evidence that metacyclic repertoire of this stock is limited to 12 variable antigen types
  27. Davis, C. E. Thrombocytopenia: A uniform complication of African trypanosomiasis. 123-33.
    Abstract: Trypanosoma spp. in rats, domestic livestock, and wildlife (all exper.), thrombocytopenia as uniform complication
  28. Debenay, J., and G. Moguedet. Les lagunes cotieres et l'estuaire de la Songolo, au Congo et l'estuaire du fleuve Congo-Zaire: presentation et description des peuplements de foraminiferes benthiques: Revue De Paleobiologie 9(1) 1990: 15-26, Illustr.
  29. Diggs, C. L. Immunological research on African trypanosomiasis Review. 268-300.
  30. Dipeolu, O. O, O. A Akinboade, F Ogunji, P. A Bobade, and O. B Kasali. Observations on African giant rats (Cricetomys gambianus Waterhouse) experimentally infected with salivarian trypanosomes. 393-97.
    Abstract: Trypanosoma congolense- and T. evansi-infected Cricetomys gambianus (exper.), course of infection, giant rats are suitable as laboratory animals for passage of T. evansi
  31. Distelmans, W, and F D'Haeseleer. The susceptibility of gamma-irradiated Glossina palpalis palpalis at different ages to infection with Trypanosoma congolense. 21-28.
    Abstract: Trypanosoma congolense, susceptibility of Glossina palpalis palpalis to trypanosome infection is not influenced by radiation but must feed on infective animal within 32 hours of emergence in order to develop a mature infection, males more susceptible than females
  32. ———. Susceptibility of Glossina palpalis palpalis at different ages to infection with Trypanosoma congolense. p. 439-41.
    Abstract: Trypanosoma congolense, susceptibility of male and female Glossina palpalis palpalis at different ages, infection found only in flies fed within 32 h of emergence
  33. Distelmans, W, F D'Haeseleer, L Kaufman, and P Rousseeuw. The susceptibility of Glossina palpalis at different ages to infection with Trypanosoma congolense. 41-47.
    Abstract: relationship of sex and age of Glossina palpalis palpalis (from Zaire and Nigeria) at infective feed with Trypanosoma congolense, trypanosomes found only in flies offered infective feed within 32 h. of emergence, infection rate between strains insignificant, males more susceptible than females to infections
  34. Dube, D. K, G. W. N. Mpimbaza, A. C Allison, E Lederer, and L Rovis. Antitrypanosomal activity of sinefungin. 31-33.
    Abstract: Trypanosoma b. brucei, T. congolense, T. vivax, mice, antitrypanosomal activity of sinefungin
  35. East, J, D. H Molyneux, I Maudlin, and P Dukes. Effect of Glossina haemolymph on salivarian trypanosomes in vitro. 97-99.
    Abstract: Trypanosoma brucei, T. congolense, T. vivax, antitrypanosomal effect of Glossina haemolymph on trypanosomes in vitro
  36. Eilenberger, U. Individual, group specific and ecological influence factors on the status of endoparasites of wild eastern lowland gorillas (Gorilla gorilla graueri) in Zaire: Primate Report 47, Jan 1997(1996): 89-93, Illustr.
  37. Eloff, A. K, and W. van Hoven. Intestinal Protozoa of the African elephant Loxodonta africana (Blumenbach): South African Journal of Zoology 15(2) 1980: 83-90, Illustr.
  38. Eouzan, J. P., J. L. Frezil, and J. Lancien. Epidemiologie de la trypanosomiase humaine au Congo: les deplacements des glossines dans le foyer du 'couloir': Cahiers O.r.s.t.o.m. (Office De La Recherche Scientifique Et Technique Outre-Mer) Serie Entomologie Medicale Et Parasitologie 19(2) 1981: 81-85, Illustr.
  39. Evans, D. A, and D. S Ellis. Recent observations on the behaviour of certain trypanosomes within their insect hosts. 1-42.
    Abstract: trypanosomes, re-examination of traditional views of developmental pathways in insect hosts (Trypanosoma brucei group in tsetse flies, T. rangeli in Rhodnius prolixus)
  40. Evans, J H. Spatial and seasonal distribution of phytoplankton in an African Rift Valley lake (L. Albert, Uganda, Zaire): Hydrobiologia 354, September 26, 1997: 1-16, Illustr.
  41. Ferrante, A, and A. C Allison. Alternative pathway activation of complement by African trypanosomes lacking a glycoprotein coat. 491-98.
    Abstract: Trypanosoma congolense and T. b. brucei lacking glycoprotein surface coat were lysed when incubated in normal human serum, lysis appeared to be result of alternative pathway activation of complement, results suggest that glycoprotein surface coat protects parasite by masking sites on plasma membrane which are capable of promoting alternative pathway activation
  42. ———. Natural agglutinins to African trypanosomes. 539-46.
    Abstract: Trypanosoma brucei brucei, T. congolense, agglutinins to uncoated culture forms were detected in sera from variety of mammals not exposed to these parasites, agglutinins in bovine serum were shown to be specific antibodies with opsonic properties selective for species of trypanosome, findings suggest possible role for glycoprotein coat in preventing access of cross-reacting antibodies to plasma membrane of African trypanosomes
  43. Ferrante, A, A. C Allison, and H Hirumi. Polyamine oxidase-mediated killing of African trypanosomes. 349-54.
    Abstract: Trypanosoma b. brucei, T. vivax, T. congolense, ruminant sera contain factor which kills parasites in presence of polyamines in vitro, purified polyamine oxidase mediates similar killing, this system may contribute to non-specific parasite killing in vivo
  44. Frezil, J. L. La trypanosomiase humaine en Republique Populaine du Congo: Travaux Et Documents De L'o R S T O M (Office De La Recherche Scientifique Et Technique Outre-Mer) No. 155 1983: 1-165, Illustr.
  45. Frezil, J. L., J. P. Eouzan, J. Alary, J. Malonga, and P. Ginoux. Epidemiologie de la trypanosomiase humaine en Republique populaire du Congo. 2. Le foyer du Niari: Cahiers O.r.s.t.o.m. (Office De La Recherche Scientifique Et Technique Outre-Mer) Serie Entomologie Medicale Et Parasitologie 18(4) 1980: 329-346, Illustr.
  46. Frezil, J. L., J. P. Eouzan, J. Coulm, R. Molonba, and J. Malonga. Epidemiologie de la trypanosomiase humaine en Republique Populaire du Congo. 1. - Le foger du couloir: Cahiers O.r.s.t.o.m. (Office De La Recherche Scientifique Et Technique Outre-Mer) Serie Entomologie Medicale Et Parasitologie 17(3) 1979: 165-179, Illustr.
  47. Frezil, J. L., J. Lancien, A. Yebakima, J. P. Eouzan, and P. Ginoux. Epidemiologie de la trypanosomiase humaine en Republique Populaire du Congo. 3. - Le foyer de Mbomo: Cahiers O.r.s.t.o.m. (Office De La Recherche Scientifique Et Technique Outre-Mer) Serie Entomologie Medicale Et Parasitologie 19(3) 1981: 187-198, Illustr.
  48. Frezil, J. L., F. Samba, M. Bosseno, and M. Molinier. Entretien de souches de Trypanosoma brucei gambiense en Republique Populaire du Congo. Etude de la virulence et relations avec l'epidemiologie: Cahiers O.r.s.t.o.m. (Office De La Recherche Scientifique Et Technique Outre-Mer) Serie Entomologie Medicale Et Parasitologie 17(2) 1979: 107-118, Illustr.
  49. Frezil, J. L., F. Samba, and M. Louembet. Etude du comportement de Trypanosoma brucei gambiense sur petits rongeurs et lemuriens du Congo: Cahiers O.r.s.t.o.m. (Office De La Recherche Scientifique Et Technique Outre-Mer) Serie Entomologie Medicale Et Parasitologie 17(2) 1979: 119-126, Illustr.
  50. Gbenle, G. O, and E. O Akinrimisi. A calcium dependent endoribonuclease from Trypanosoma congolense cytoplasm. 15-24.
  51. Gibson, T. Miocene evolution of Tubulogenerina in the Indo-Pacific and African areas: Journal of Foraminiferal Research 19(2) 1989: 126-145, Illustr.
  52. Gilbert, R. J. Studies in rabbits on the disposition and trypanocidal activity of the anti-trypanosomal drug, diminazene aceturate (Berenil). 133-39.
    Abstract: Trypanosoma congolense, infected and uninfected rabbits treated with diminazene aceturate (Berenil), pharmacokinetic data on distribution and excretion, and curative and prophylactic efficacy of drug
  53. Gilbert, R. J, and B. A Newton. Ethidium bromide: Pharmacokinetics and efficacy against trypanosome infections in rabbits and calves. 127-48.
    Abstract: Trypanosoma brucei, T. congolense, rabbits, calves, ethidium bromide, pharmacokinetics, investigation of curative and prophylactic action, period of apparent' prophylaxis observed after drug treatment was correlated with presence of anti-trypanosome IgG in serum
  54. ———. Pharmacokinetics and efficacy of the trypanocide diminazene aceturate (berenil) in rabbits. 397.
    Abstract: Trypanosoma congolense, rabbits, pharmacokinetics and efficacy of berenil
  55. Ginoux, P., and J. L. Frezil. Recherches sur la latence clinique et la trypanotolerance humaine dans le foyer du couloir du fleuve Congo: Cahiers O.r.s.t.o.m. (Office De La Recherche Scientifique Et Technique Outre-Mer) Serie Entomologie Medicale Et Parasitologie 19(1) 1981: 33-40, Illustr.
  56. Golama Swana Kaketa, A. Bacillariophyceae, desmids & Euglenophyceae from the Kisangani region (Zaire).: Academie Royale Des Sciences D'outre-Mer Memoires Classe Des Sciences Naturelles Et Medicales 23(3) 1996: 1-232, Illustr.
  57. Gouteux, J. P, J. Eouzan P, and F. Noireau. Modification du comportement de Glossina palpalis palpalis lie a l'epizootie de peste porcine de 1982 dans un village congolais: Acta Tropica 44(3) 1987: 333-337, Illustr.
  58. Gouteux, J. P., E. Nkouda, N. Bissadidi, D. Sinda, G. Vattier Bernard, J. Trouillet, F. Noireau, and J. L. Frezil. Les glossines de l'agglomeration brazzavilloise. 2. Taux d'infection et statut alimentaire des populations: Revue D'elevage Et De Medecine Veterinaire Des Pays Tropicaux 40(1) 1987: 59-65, Illustr.
  59. Grab, D. J, and J. J Bwayo. Isopycnic isolation of African trypanosomes on Percoll gradients formed in situ. Short communication. 363-66.
    Abstract: African trypanosomes, isopycnic isolation on Percoll gradients formed in situ
  60. Griffin, L. Congenital transmission of Trypanosoma congolense in mice. 489-92.
    Abstract: Trypanosoma congolense, mice, presumptive evidence of transplacental transmission but young suckled by infected mothers may be protected from infection
  61. Griffin, L, and E. W Allonby. The susceptibility of young sheep and goats to an experimental Trypanosoma congolense infection. 49-53.
    Abstract: Trypanosoma congolense, sheep and goats (both exper.), clinical findings and mortality rate indicated that young animals were more susceptible to innfection than adults
  62. Hall, M. J. R, S. M Kheir, A. H. A Rahman, and S Noga. Tsetse and trypanosomiasis survey of southern Darfur Province, Sudan. I. Bovine trypanosomiasis. 191-206.
    Abstract: trypanosomiasis, cattle, survey of 137 migratory herds at 21 base camps belonging to 7 human tribes, levels of anemia and trypanosome parasitemia, levels of infections in herds correlated well with their risk of exposure to tsetse, tribal analysis of causal trypanosome species in each infection, packed cell volume values were found to be unsuitable in trypanosome diagnosis at either individual or herd levels, evidence of a degree of trypanosomal tolerance in Western Baggara cattle, drug use and problems of drug resistance discussed; additional survey of other domestic animals for trypanosomes
  63. Hasan, G, M. J Turner, and J. S Cordingley. Ribosomal RNA genes of Trypanosoma brucei. Cloning of a rRNA gene containing a mobile element. 6747-61.
    Abstract: Trypanosoma brucei brucei, ordered restriction map of ribosomal RNA genes, cloning of rRNA gene containing inserted sequence which was demonstrated to be widely distributed throughout genomes of members of subgenus Trypanozoon but far less abundant in Nannomonas and Schizotrypanum
  64. Hasegawa, H., Takayoshi Kano, and M. Mulavwa. A parasitological survey on the feces of pygmy chimpanzees, Pan paniscus, at Wamba, Zaire: Primates 24(3) 1983: 419-423, Illustr.
  65. Heidrich-Joswig, S, and F Horchner. Quantitative methods for determination of immunoglobulins and specific antibodies in cattle with trypanosomiasis: Quantitative Methoden zur Bestimmung von Immunglobulinen und spezifischen Antikorpern beim Rind mit Trypanosomenbefall. 484-87.
    Abstract: Trypanosoma spp., cattle (nat. and exper.), quantitative determination of IgM- and IgG-fractions and Trypanosoma specific antibodies, indirect and direct enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, rocket-immuno-electrophoresis: Togo, West Africa
  66. Heller-Haupt, A, M. G. R Varma, A. O Langi, and A Zetlin. The effect of Trypanosoma congolense infection on acquired immunity to the tick Rhipicephalus appendiculatus. 219-22.
    Abstract: improvement in feeding performance of Rhipicephalus appendiculatus on Trypanosoma congolense-infected tick-immune rabbits compared to uninfected tick-immune rabbits
  67. Henry, M. C. Importance de la contamination familiale dans la trypanosomiase a Trypanosoma brucei gambiense: Bulletin De La Societe De Pathologie Exotique 74(1) 1981: 65-71, Illustr.
  68. Henry, M. C, P. Kageruka, J. Ruppol F, H. Bruneel, and Y. Claes. Evaluation de diagnostic sur le terrain de la trypanosomiase a Trypanosoma brucei gambiense: Annales Des Societes Belges De Medecine Tropicale De Parasitologie Et De Mycologie 61(1) 1981: 79-92, Illustr.
  69. Henry, M. C, J. Ruppol F, and H. Bruneel. Distribution de l'infection par T. b. gambiense dans une population du Bandundu en Republique du Zaire: Annales Des Societes Belges De Medecine Tropicale De Parasitologie Et De Mycologie 62(4) 1982: 301-313, Illustr.
  70. Hunt, R., and M. Coetzee. A parasitological, cytogenetic and biochemical study of Anopheles gambiae (Diptera: Culicidae) from the People's Republic of Congo: South African Medical Journal 76(7) 1989: 362-364, Illustr.
  71. Ilemobade, A. A, D. S Adegboye, O Onoviran, and J. C Chima. Immunodepressive effects of trypanosomal infection in cattle immunized against contagious bovine pleuropneumonia. 273-82.
    Abstract: Trypanosoma vivax, T. congolense, cattle (exper.), single and mixed infections, serum antibody responses to contagious bovine pleuropneumonia (CBPP) are slightly depressed, 50% of vaccinated trypanosomal animals contracted CBPP on challenge exposure
  72. Jansen, J. H. Fred, and S. J. van der Gaast. Accumulation and dissolution of opal in Quaternary sediments of the Zaire deep-sea fan (northeastern Angola Basin): Marine Geology 83(1-4) 1988: 1-7, Illustr.
  73. Kabeya, N. M, A. Pochet, and M. Mandiangu. Evolution et epidemiologie des trypanosomiases humaines africaines (THA) au Zaire: Medecine Tropicale 48(3) 1988: 277-283, Illustr.
  74. Kaddu, J. B, and M. J Mutinga. Vector-parasite relationships: The effect of Trypanosoma (Nannomonas) congolense on Glossina pallidipes. 315-20.
    Abstract: Trypanosoma congolense-infected Glossina pallidipes showed many clear abnormalities in their gut cells and peritrophic membrane in electron microscopic study
  75. Kageruka, P. Haematoxenus verifelus Uilenberg 1964 infection of N'Dama cattle in the Republic of Zaire: Annales Des Societes Belges De Medecine Tropicale De Parasitologie Et De Mycologie 58(1) 1978: 49-52, Illustr.
  76. Kalu, A. U. Effect of trypanocides on jugular concentration of Trypanosoma congolense in the West African dwarf sheep. 299-309.
    Abstract: Trypanosoma congolense, effects of 7 trypanocides (berenil, pentamidine, novidium, ethidium, samorin, antrypol, germanin) on jugular parasitaemia of infected sheep, relationship between parasitologic effects of these drugs in sheep and their therapeutic efficacy in treatment of infection assessed in rats; results suggest that besides their therapeutic use, diamidines may be of value in parasitologic diagnosis of sub-patent T. congolense
  77. Kalu, A. U, J Ayandele, and A Aina. Increase in jugular circulation of Trypanosoma congolense in infected calves caused by effective trypanocides. 82.
    Abstract: Trypanosoma congolense, calves (exper.), effective trypanocides (diminazene aceturate, pentamidine isethionate, isometamidium chloride, homidium chloride) increased jugular parasite concentrations but ineffective trypanocide (suramin) did not
  78. Kanyari, P. W. N, E. W Allonby, A. J Wilson, and W. K Munyua. Some economic effects of trypanosomiasis in goats. 153-60.
    Abstract: trypanosomiasis, natural infections in Samorin-treated vs. untreated goats (3 breeds), comparison of packed cell volume, body weight, and fertility rates, economic losses and cost benefits of treatment determined on basis of mortality and weight losses: Kenya
  79. Karbe, E, M Bottger, P. P McCann, A Sjoerdsma, and E. K Freitas. Curative effect of alpha-difluoromethylornithine on fatal Trypanosoma congolense infection in mice. 161-62.
    Abstract: Trypanosoma congolense, mice, curative effect of alpha-difluoromethylornithine administered orally in drinking water
  80. Kelley, S, and D Schillinger. Improved field diagnostic technique for trypanosomiasis by use of a minicentrifuge. 219.
    Abstract: trypanosomiasis in cattle and camels, improved field diagnostic technique using haematocrit centrifugation technique with a battery-operated minicentrifuge
  81. Kissling, K, E Karbe, and E. K Freitas. In vitro phagocytic activity of neutrophils of various cattle breeds with and without Trypanosoma congolense infection. 158-60.
    Abstract: Trypanosoma congolense-infected and uninfected cattle of various breeds, in vitro phagocytic activity of neutrophils
  82. Knight, D. J, and R. J Ponsford. Trypanocidal activity and prophylaxis evaluation of a series of bis-oxydihydrotriazines in mice. 589-94.
    Abstract: Trypanosoma brucei, T. congolense, mice, trypanocidal activity and prophylaxis evaluation of series of bis-oxydihydrotriazines
  83. Kouyoumontzakis, G. Les associations de foraminiferes benthiques du plateau continental congolais. Quaternaire superieur et actuel: Lanfranchi, R. & Schwartz, D. [Eds]. Paysages Quaternaires De L'afrique Centrale Atlantique. Editions De L'orstom, Paris. 1990: 1-535. Chapter Pagination: 78-88, 522, Illustr.
  84. ———. Les associations de foraminiferes benthiques du plateau continental congolais; une radiale au large de la lagune Conkouati: Tethys 10(2) 1981: 121-128, Illustr.
  85. ———. Le biotope a Cancris congolensis aux abords de l'estuaire du fleuve Congo: Oceanographie Tropicale 17(2) 1982: 139-144, Illustr.
  86. ———. Le plateau continental Congolais: biotope particulier pour les foraminiferes: Bulletin De La Societe Linneenne De Provence 37 1985[1986]: 47-52, Illustr.
  87. Kupper, W, and M Wolters. Observation on drug resistance of Trypanosoma (Nannomonas) congolense and Trypanosoma (Duttonella) vivax in cattle at a feedlot in the northern Ivory Coast. 203-5.
    Abstract: Trypanosoma congolense, T. vivax, feedlot cattle, berenil is treatment of choice although repeated doses may be necessary, demonstration of resistance to trypamidium and homidium bromide: Ivory Coast
  88. L'Italien, J. J, and J. E Strickler. Application of high-performance liquid chromatographic peptide purification to protein microsequencing by solid-phase Edman degradation. p. 195-209.
    Abstract: application of high-performance liquid chromatographic peptide purification to protein microsequencing by solid-phase Edman degradation, system currently being used to obtain complete sequence data on variable surface glycoproteins of Trypanosoma congolense
  89. Labrique, T., J. Paulus, and D. Chardez. Les thecamoebiens de la rhizosphere dans les sols zairois: Annales De La Faculte Des Sciences Universite Nationale Du Zaire Section Biologie Chimie Et Sciences De La Terre 3 1979: 19-49, Illustr.
  90. Lancien, J., J. P. Eouzan, J. L. Frezil, and J. Mouchet. Elimination des glossines par piegeage dans deux foyers de trypanosomiase en Republique Populaire du Congo: Cahiers O.r.s.t.o.m. (Office De La Recherche Scientifique Et Technique Outre-Mer) Serie Entomologie Medicale Et Parasitologie 19(4) 1981: 239-246, Illustr.
  91. Landau, I., G. Rosin, F. Miltgen, J. P. Hugot, N. Leger, I. Beveridge, and D. Baccam. Sur le genre Polychromophilus (Haemoproteidae, parasite de microchiropteres): Annales De Parasitologie Humaine Et Comparee 55(1) 1980: 13-32, Illustr.
  92. Leach, T. M, and C. J Roberts. Present status of chemotherapy and chemoprophylaxis of animal trypanosomiasis in the Eastern hemisphere. 91-147.
    Abstract: animal trypanosomiasis, present status of chemotherapy and chemoprophylaxis in the Eastern hemisphere, extensive review: hosts, vectors, drugs, drug classifications, drug resistance, immune responses
  93. Leak, S. G A, C. Colardelle, G. D. M. D'Ieteren, P. Dumont, A. Feron, P. Jeannin, M. Minengu, M. Mulungu, and S. Ngamuna. Glossina fusca group tsetse as vectors of cattle trypanosomiasis in Gabon and Zaire: Medical and Veterinary Entomology 5(1) 1991: 111-120, Illustr.
  94. Leak, S. G. A, and G. J Rowlands. 1997. The dynamics of trypanosome infections in natural populations of tsetse (Diptera: Glossinidae) studied using wing-fray and ovarian ageing techniques. Bulletin of Entomological Research.
    Abstract: Trypanosome infections in approximately 110,000 tsetse of 12 species or subspecies, at sites in six African countries, were studied over various periods from 1983 to 1994. Infection rates ranged from 0.2% in Glossina fuscipes quanzensis Pires at a site in Zaire, to 18% in Glossina tabaniformis Westwood at a site in Gabon. Statistical models were fitted to data for nine species or sub-species of tsetse (G. pallidipes Austen, G. morsitans morsitans Westwood, G. morsitans submorsitans Newstead, G. fuscipes fuscipes Newstead, G. fuscipes quanzensis Pires, G. palpalis palpalis Robineau-Desvoidy, G. palpalis gambiensis Vanderplank, G. tachinoides Westwood and G. tabaniformis Westwood), recorded across eight sites. The prevalence of mature trypanosome infections increased with age, as determined by wing-fray category, for both Trypanosoma vivax- and T. congolense-type infections, although for G. palpalis, G. tabaniformis and G. tachinoides the rate of T. vivax-type infections decreased in older age categories. Infection rates for T. brucei were very low and statistical analysis was not possible for this species. Overall prevalences of Trypanosoma vivax-type infections were significantly higher in female than male flies in four tsetse species; G. pallidipes, G. palpalis, G. tabaniformis and G. tachinoides. At sites where ovarian ages were also determined, close correlations between wing-fray category and ovarian age were found
  95. Lee, C. M, and L. Y Boone. Rat liver glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase isozymes: Influence of infection with Trypanosoma. 505-8.
    Abstract: Trypanosoma spp.-infected rats, marked increases in liver glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase
  96. Luckins, A. G, and A. R Gray. Interference with anti-trypanosome immune responses in rabbits infected with cyclically-transmitted Trypanosoma congolense. 547-56.
    Abstract: Trypanosoma congolense, rabbits infected with two clones of antigenically distinct stocks transmitted through Glossina morsitans, little difference in local skin reaction development in rabbits infected with single stock or with both stocks simultaneously but skin reactions were reduced in size or absent in rabbits infected with both stocks consecutively, appearance of neutralizing antibodies was also delayed in rabbits infected with both stocks consecutively
  97. Luckins, A. G, P. F Rae, and A. R Gray. Infection, immunity and the development of local skin reactions in rabbits infected with cyclically-transmitted stocks of Trypanosoma congolense. 569-82.
    Abstract: Trypanosoma congolense, variations in pattern of development of local skin reactions following bites by infected Glossina morsitans in normal rabbits, in rabbits with established T. congolense infections, and in rabbits immunized by infection and treatment with homidium chloride, antibody levels in infected and immunized rabbits
  98. MacAskill, J. A, P. H Holmes, D. D Whitelaw, F. W Jennings, and G. M Urquhart. Immune mechanisms in C57B1 mice genetically resistant to Trypanosoma congolense infection. II. Aspects of the humoral response. 577-86.
    Abstract: Trypanosoma congolense, aspects of humoral response in trypanotolerant C57B1 mice and susceptible A/J mice (clearance of labelled parasites, serum IgM and IgG responses, direct plaque-forming cell responses, response to vaccination with irradiated T. brucei), all of the results indicate that the trypanotolerance of C57B1 mice depends at least in part on their more efficient antibody response
  99. Magis, Noël, Université de Liège, and Fondation de l'Université de Liège pour les recherches scientifiques en Afrique Centrale. 1967. Le zooplancton des lacs artificiels du Haut Katanga méridional, étude faunistique et écologique. Liège: Éditions F.U.L.R.E.A.C.
  100. Makumyaviri, M. A. Un apercu de la repartition geographique de Glossina sp. (Diptera: Glossinidae) au Zaire: Revue De Medecine Veterinaire (Toulouse) 137(2) 1986: 107-109, Illustr.
  101. Margerel, J., and G. Kouyoumontzakis. 2. - Cancris congolensis, nouvelle espece de foraminifere du plateau continental congolais: Cahiers De Micropaleontologie Nouvelle Serie 1978(1) 1978: 51-54, Illustr.
  102. Masake, R. A, A. J Musoke, and V. M Nantulya. Specific antibody responses to the variable surface glycoproteins of Trypanosoma congolense in infected cattle. 345-55.
    Abstract: Trypanosoma congolense, cattle (exper.), solid and liquid-phase radioimmunoassays and neutralization of infectivity test, IgM, IgG1, and IgG2 antibodies against variable surface glycoproteins of infecting variable antigen types (VATs) as well as other VATs that arose during course of infection, recurrent peaks of antibody activity against infecting as well as other VATs that arose later in infection, no evidence for non-specific production of immunoglobulins
  103. Massamba, N. N, and R. O Williams. Distinction of African trypanosome species using nucleic acid hybridization. 55-65.
    Abstract: identification of variable surface glycoprotein cDNA sequences that clearly distinguish Trypanosoma brucei brucei from 4 other trypanosome species, also certain genomic DNA sequences can provide valuable probes for distinguishing trypanosome species and subspecies in hybridization studies, these DNA probes were used to develop method of in situ hybridization using trypanosomes on filter paper (spot test) which can be carried out using crude materials, the procedure is species-specific, sensitive to level of 10(4) organisms, and is suitable for field use
  104. Matzke, G. A reassessment of the expected development consequences of tsetse control efforts in Africa. 531-37.
    Abstract: strategies applicable to trypanosomiasis control (emphasis on infection in cattle), reassessment of expected development consequences of tsetse control efforts including ecological consequences, review: Africa
  105. Maudlin, I. Inheritance of susceptibility to Trypanosoma congolense infection in Glossina morsitans. 225-27.
    Abstract: Trypanosoma congolense, inheritance of susceptibility to infection in Glossina m. morsitans
  106. Maudlin, I, J. P Kabayo, M. E. T Flood, and D. A Evans. Serum factors and the maturation of Trypanosoma congolense infections in Glossina morsitans. 11-19.
    Abstract: Trypanosoma congolense procyclic culture forms, Glossina morsitans (exper.), differences in infection rates in midgut, labrum, and hypopharynx of flies maintained on whole pig or cow blood and on artificial diets of pig or cow red cells (with added saline, foetal calf serum, or delipidated foetal calf serum) and of cow red cells with added gamma-globulin
  107. Mbanzulu, P. N, N. Kadima, N. Ngimbi P, C. Ngangoue, E. Elenga, S. Kaba, N. Makengo, B. Lokombe, and B. Miankanina. Chimio-resistance de Plasmodium falciparum a Kinshasa. Tests in vivo et absorption chloroquine: Bulletin De La Societe De Pathologie Exotique 81(1) 1988: 83-88, Illustr.
  108. Mboro, R., R. Anglada, and L. Brun. Le Bassin de Pointe-Noire (Congo) du Senonien superieur au Neogene (Stratigraphie-paleogeographie): Cahiers De Micropaleontologie Nouvelle Serie 1981(4) 1981[1982]: 73-102, Illustr.
  109. Mehlitz, D, S Heidrich-Joswig, H. O Fimmen, E. K Freitas, and E Karbe. Observations on the colostral transfer of anti-trypanosome antibodies in N'Dama calves and the immune response to infection with Trypanosoma (Duttonella) vivax and T. (Nannomonas) congolense. 137-48.
    Abstract: Trypanosoma vivax, T. congolense, infection and challenge of N'Dama calves fed colostrum from mothers naturally exposed to infection, immunological responses (specific humoral antibodies, immunoglobulins) and course of infections compared with calves that had received colostrum from cows never exposed to Trypanosoma infections
  110. Merritt, S. C, C Tschudi, W. H Konigsberg, and F. F Richards. Reverse transcription of trypanosome variable antigen mRNAs initiated by a specific oligonucleotide primer. 1536-40.
    Abstract: Trypanosoma brucei gambiense, T. congolense, reverse transcription of trypanosome variable antigen mRNAs initiated by specific oligonucleotide primer
  111. Meshnick, S. R, D Brown, and G Smith. Capacity of a cis-diammineplatinumII-polyglutamic acid complex to cure Trypanosoma congolense infections in mice. 286-88.
    Abstract: Trypanosoma congolense, mice, cis-diammineplatinum[II]-polyglutamic acid complex has marked trypanocidal activity in vivo and is less toxic than uncomplexed drug
  112. Michel, R., P. Carnevale, M. Bosseno F, J. Molez F, O. Brandicourt, A. Zoulani, and Y. Michel. Le paludisme a Plasmodium falciparum et le gene de la drepanocytose en republique populaire du Congo. 1. Prevalence du paludisme et du trait drepanocytaire, en milieu scolaire dans la region Brazzavilloise: Medecine Tropicale 41(4) 1981: 403-412, Illustr.
  113. Molez, J. F, P. Carnevale, A. Sanderson, and M. Bosseno F. Variations enzymatiques chez Plasmodium falciparum a Brazzaville (Republique Populaire du Congo): Cahiers O.r.s.t.o.m. (Office De La Recherche Scientifique Et Technique Outre-Mer) Serie Entomologie Medicale Et Parasitologie 22(1) 1984: 35-42, Illustr.
  114. Moloo, S. K. Cyclical transmission of pathogenic Trypanosoma species by gamma-irradiated sterile male Glossina morsitans morsitans. 289-96.
    Abstract: Trypanosoma spp. in gamma-irradiated sterile male Glossina m. morsitans, infection rates and transmission characteristics, results indicate that release of sterile male tsetse in tsetse control programs will potentially increase trypanosomiasis risk in affected area
  115. ———. Feeding behaviour of Glossina morsitans morsitans infected with Trypanosoma vivax, T. congolense or T. brucei. 51-56.
    Abstract: Trypanosoma spp., feeding behavior of infected and uninfected Glossina morsitans morsitans
  116. ———. Trypanosoma vivax, T. congolense or T. brucei infection rates when maintained in vitro on the blood of goat or calf. 45-49.
    Abstract: Trypanosoma spp., likelihood that in vitro feeding of tsetse on goat or calf blood after feeding on infected host has no adverse effect on cyclical development of these trypanosomes in these vectors
  117. Moloo, S. K, F Dar, and G. Kamunya. The transmission of mixed infections of pathogenic Trypanosoma species to susceptible hosts by Glossina morsitans morsitans. 303-6.
    Abstract: Trypanosoma brucei, T. vivax, T. congolense, Glossina morsitans morsitans can become infected with double or triple trypanosome infections and can transmit such mixed infections to susceptible hosts
  118. Molyneux, D. H, F Evens, and A Van der Vloedt. Review of problems of vectorial capacity of Glossina in relation to sterile male release programmes. 95-102.
    Abstract: Glossina spp., vectors of human sleeping sickness and animal trypanosomiasis in Africa, review of problems of vectorial capacity in relation to sterile male release programs
  119. Morrison, W. I, M Murray, and C. A Hinson. The response of the murine lymphoid system to a chronic infection with Trypanosoma congolense. II. The lymph nodes, thymus and liver. 273-88.
    Abstract: Trypanosoma congolense, chronically infected mice (exper.), cellular responses in lymph nodes, thymus, and liver in relation to changes in level of immunoglobulins in serum
  120. Morrison, W. I, P. W Wells, S. K Moloo, J Paris, and M Murray. Interference in the establishment of superinfections with Trypanosoma congolense in cattle. 755-64.
    Abstract: Trypanosoma congolense, initial infection inhibits establishment of infection with second unrelated serodeme despite initial absence of detectable antibodies against serodeme used for second challenge, interference effect was not result of specific immunity and required active infection as confirmed by finding that infected animals treated with berenil prior to rechallenge were fully susceptible to infection
  121. Mortelmans, J., and P. Kageruka. L'histoire de 80 annees d'observations et de recherches sur les theilerioses au Zaire, Rwanda et Burundi: Annales Des Societes Belges De Medecine Tropicale De Parasitologie Et De Mycologie 66(3) 1986: 199-212.
  122. Murray, M, D. J Clifford, G Gettinby, W. F Snow, and W. I. M McIntyre. Susceptibility to African trypanosomiasis of N'Dama and Zebu cattle in an area of Glossina morsitans submorsitans challenge. 503-10.
    Abstract: trypanosomiasis in N'Dama vs. Zebu cattle exposed to natural field challenge from Glossina morsitans submorsitans, survival, parasitological findings, haematological findings, rectal temperature, productivity (bodyweight, reproduction/abortion), study confirmed that N'Dama cattle are innately less susceptible to trypanosomiasis than Zebu cattle: The Gambia, West Africa
  123. Murray, M, and A. R Gray. The current situation on animal trypanosomiasis in Africa. 23-30.
  124. Murray, M, W. I Morrison, and D. D Whitelaw. Host susceptibility to African trypanosomiasis: Trypanotolerance. 1-68.
    Abstract: African trypanosomiasis, genetic resistance (trypanotolerance) in livestock, wildlife, man, and mouse models, review
  125. Murray, M, and J. C. M Trail. Genetic resistance to animal trypanosomiasis in Africa. 541-51.
  126. Murray, M, J. C. M Trail, C. E Davis, and S. J Black. Genetic resistance to African trypanosomiasis. 311-19.
    Abstract: African trypanosomiasis, evidence for genetic basis of resistance to infection, discussion of possible underlying mechanisms of trypanotolerance and of possible use of trypanotolerant breeds of livestock in endemic areas as novel strategy for control, review: West Africa
  127. Nantulya, V. M, A. J Musoke, F. R Rurangirwa, A. F Barbet, and J. M Ngaira. Immune depression in African trypanosomiasis: The role of antigenic competition. 234-42.
    Abstract: Trypanosoma brucei, T. congolense, inability of infected cattle to respond well to simultaneous or subsequent challenge with other trypanosomes or other antigens may be due to antigenic competition
  128. Nantulya, V. M, A. J Musoke, F. R Rurangirwa, and S. K Moloo. Resistance of cattle to tsetse-transmitted challenge with Trypanosoma brucei or Trypanosoma congolense after spontaneous recovery from syringe-passage infections. 735-38.
    Abstract: Trypanosoma brucei, T. congolense, cattle infected with cloned bloodstream forms displayed complete immunity against tsetse-transmitted homologous challenge after spontaneous elimination of trypanosomes from peripheral blood circulation, they were also immune to challenge by tsetse infected with other clones belonging to same serodeme but remained susceptible to similarly transmitted heterologous serodemes, sera obtained from these animals before challenge contained neutralizing antibodies against metacyclic variable antigen types of homologous but not heterologous serodeme
  129. Nelson, R. G, M Parsons, M Selkirk, G Newport, and P. J Barr. Sequences homologous to variant antigen mRNA spliced leader in Trypanosomatidae which do not undergo antigenic variation. 665-67.
    Abstract: both trypanosomatids which do and do not undergo antigenic variation contain reiterated genomic sequences homologous to Trypanosoma brucei variant surface glycoprotein (VSG) mRNA spliced leader; results suggest that spliced leader, although utilized in VSG gene expression, is ancestral sequence also used in expression of other trypanosomatid genes
  130. Ngaira, J. M, V. M Nantulya, A. J Musoke, and K Hirumi. Phagocytosis of antibody-sensitized Trypanosoma brucei in vitro by bovine peripheral blood monocytes. 393-400.
    Abstract: interaction between bovine peripheral blood monocytes (from uninfected, Trypanosoma brucei-infected, and T. congolense-infected cattle) and T. brucei organisms in presence of immune whole serum or specific purified IgM or IgG1 antibodies from infected cattle
  131. Ngimbi, N. P, A. Beckers, and M. Wery. Apercu de la situation epidemiologique du paludisme a Kinshasa (Republique du Zaire) en 1980: Annales Des Societes Belges De Medecine Tropicale De Parasitologie Et De Mycologie 62(2) 1982: 121-137, Illustr.
  132. Noireau, F., A. Toudic, J. P. Gouteux, N. Bissadidi, J. L. Frezil, and J. Duteurtre. Les glossines de l'agglomeration brazzavilloise. 3. Role vecteur dans les trypanosomoses animales et humaine: Revue D'elevage Et De Medecine Veterinaire Des Pays Tropicaux 40(1) 1987: 67-69, Illustr.
  133. Ogbunude, P. O. J, and C. O Ikediobi. Comparative aspects of purine metabolism in some African trypanosomes. 279-87.
    Abstract: Trypanosoma spp., presence of some enzymes of purine salvage compared, pathway proposed for metabolism of purines in African trypanosomes
  134. Ogbunude, P. O. J, and Y Magaji. A silicone centrifugation technique for the detection of low parasitaemias of salivarian trypanosomes. 317-18.
    Abstract: salivarian trypanosomes, silicone centrifugation technique for detection of low parasitaemias
  135. Olobo, J. O, and M. J Mutinga. Partial protection of rats against Trypanosoma congolense by passive transfer of IgM. 261-65.
    Abstract: Trypanosoma congolense, partial protection of rats by passive transfer of IgM
  136. Onodera, M, N. L Rosen, J Lifter, P. J Hotez, and M. S Bogucki. Trypanosoma congolense: Surface glycoproteins of two early bloodstream variants. II. Purification and partial chemical characterization. 427-39.
    Abstract: Trypanosoma congolense, surface glycoproteins of 2 early bloodstream variants, purification and partial chemical characterization
  137. Otieno, L. H. Inadequacy of the dissection method of estimating trypanosome infection rates. 329-30.
    Abstract: inadequacy of dissection method of identifying trypanosome infections in tsetse flies
  138. Pampiglione, S., E. Najera, M. Ricciardi L, and L. Junginger. Parasitological survey on pygmies in central Africa. 3. Bambuti group (Zaire): Rivista Di Parassitologia 40(3) 1979[1980]: 187-234, Illustr.
  139. Pandey, V. S, and A. Verhulst. Parasitic diseases of animals in the Republic of Zaire: Bulletin of Animal Health and Production in Africa 24(3) 1976: 307-313, Illustr.
  140. Paris, J, M Murray, and F. A. McOdimba. A comparative evaluation of the parasitological techniques currently available for the diagnosis of African trypanosomiasis in cattle. 307-16.
    Abstract: Trypanosoma brucei, T. congolense, T. vivax, cattle, diagnosis, comparison of parasitological techniques (thick, thin, and wet blood films; mouse inoculation; hematocrit centrifugation; capillary concentration; miniature anion-exchange/centrifugation; darkground/phase contrast buffy coat method)
  141. Peters, W., M. Chance L, R. Lissner, H. Momen, and D. Warhurst C. The chemotherapy of rodent malaria, 30. The enigmas of the 'NS lines' of P. berghei: Annals of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology 72(1) 1978: 23-36, Illustr.
  142. Pinder, M. Trypanosoma congolense: Genetic control of resistance to infection in mice. 185-94.
    Abstract: Trypanosoma congolense in F1, F1 x parental, and F2 crosses between C57B1/6 (resistant) and BALB/c (susceptible) mice, results are compatible with resistance being recessive trait controlled by single autosomal gene (or gene cluster), sex-associated factors appear to confer higher resistance in females
  143. Poirriez, J., E. Dei Cas, L. Dujardin, and I. Landau. The blood-stages of Plasmodium georgesi, P. gonderi and P. petersi: course of untreated infection in their natural hosts and additional morphological distinctive features: Parasitology 111(5), December 1995: 547-554, Illustr.
  144. Preston, J. M, R. M Kovatch, and B. T Wellde. Trypanosoma congolense: Thrombocyte survival in infected steers. 129-33.
    Abstract: Trypanosoma congolense-infected steers, thrombocyte survival
  145. Rautenberg, P, E Reinwald, and H. J Risse. Sialic acids are responsible for charge heterogeneity of the variant surface glycoprotein of Trypanosoma congolense. 129-38.
    Abstract: Trypanosoma congolense, sialic acids are constituents of carbohydrate moiety in variant surface glycoprotein (VSG) and are responsible for charge heterogeneity of VSG which is observed after isoelectric focusing
  146. Rautenberg, P, R Schadler, E Reinwald, and H. J Risse. Study on a proteolytic enzyme from Trypanosoma congolense. Purification and some biochemical properties. 151-59.
    Abstract: Trypanosoma congolense, protease from bloodstream forms, isolation, purification, and some biochemical properties
  147. Roelants, G. E, and M Pinder. Immunobiology of African trypanosomiasis. 225-74.
    Abstract: Trypanosoma spp. immunobiology, review: antigens; protective immune response; deleterious effects of immune response; effects of infection on lymphoid system (hypergammaglobulinemia, polyclonal activation, immunodepression); susceptibility to trypanosomiasis (nonpermissive hosts; variations of susceptibility in permissive hosts in relation to breed/strain)
  148. Roelants, G. E, I Tamboura, D. B Sidiki, A Bassinga, and M Pinder. Trypanotolerance. An individual not a breed character. 99-104.
    Abstract: trypanosomiasis, cattle, exposure of Zebus and Baoules to natural infection in area of high Glossina challenge in comparison with a herd of Baoule/Ndama crosses indigenous to that area, results indicate that trypanotolerance is an individual not a breed character
  149. Rosenstreich, D. L, A. C Weinblatt, and A. D O'Brien. Genetic control of resistance to infection in mice. 263-330.
    Abstract: genetic control of resistance to infection in mice, review, includes extensive sections on resistance to protozoa and helminths
  150. Rosin, G., I. Landau, and J. P. Hugot. Considerations sur le genre Nycteria (Haemoproteidae) parasite de microchiropteres africains avec description de quatre especes nouvelles: Annales De Parasitologie Humaine Et Comparee 53(5) 1978: 447-459, Illustr.
  151. Rurangirwa, F. R, A. J Musoke, V. M Nantulya, and H Tabel. Immune depression in bovine trypanosomiasis: Effects of acute and chronic Trypanosoma congolense and chronic Typanosoma vivax infections on antibody response to Brucella abortus vaccine. 267-76.
    Abstract: Trypanosoma congolense, acute and chronic infection, T. vivax, chronic infection, cattle, effects on antibody response to Brucella abortus vaccine in different immunoglobulin classes, immune depression seen with T. congolense but not with T. vivax
  152. Savage, A, R Geyer, S Stirm, E Reinwald, and H. J Risse. Structural studies on the major oligosaccharides in a variant surface glycoprotein of Trypanosoma congolense. 309-28.
    Abstract: Trypanosoma congolense, 4 isotypes of variant surface glycoprotein, amino acid and sugar analysis, liberation and fractionation of and structural conclusions about oligosaccharides
  153. Schares, G., and D. Mehlitz. Sleeping sickness in Zaire: a nested polymerase chain reaction improves the identification of Trypanosoma (Trypanozoon) brucei gambiense by specific kinetoplast DNA probes: Tropical Medicine & International Health 1(1), February 1996: 59-70, Illustr.
  154. Schmitz, B, M Gehrung, M Thornton, and V Speth. The role of antibody and complement in the cellular response to Trypanosoma congolense. 73-80.
    Abstract: Trypanosoma congolense, in vitro cytotoxic response of bovine granulocytes and monocytes and of murine peritoneal macrophages against parasites in presence of antibody, antibody plus comlement, or complement alone, concluded that antibody- or complement-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxic reactions do not play significant role in defense against this infection, strong evidence of important role for IgM (and to lesser degree of IgG) antibodies
  155. Schneider, R. R, P. J Muller, and G. Wefer. Late Quaternary paleoproductivity changes off the Congo deduced from stable carbon isotopes of planktonic foraminifera: Palaeogeography Palaeoclimatology Palaeoecology 110(3-4), August 1994: 255-274, Illustr.
  156. Sharpe, R. T, A. M Langley, G. N Mowat, J. A Macaskill, and P. H Holmes. Immunosuppression in bovine trypanosomiasis: Response of cattle infected with Trypanosoma congolense to foot-and-mouth disease vaccination and subsequent live virus challenge. 289-93.
    Abstract: Trypanosoma congolense-infected cattle do not produce optimal antibody responses to foot-and-mouth disease vaccination but antibody titres are nevertheless generally above those considered adequate to confer 95% protection against needle challenge
  157. Snow, W. F, and S. A Tarimo. A quantification of the risk of trypanosomiasis infection to cattle on the south Kenya coast. 331-40.
    Abstract: trypanosomiasis, simultaneous application of several established techniques to estimate number of infective bites received each day from tsetse by small herd of cattle, suggestion that this methodology can be used to define 'challenge' in association with semi-isolated tsetse populations
  158. Specht, E. J. K. The effect of double infections with trypanosomes and gastrointestinal nematodes on the productivity of sheep and goats in south Mozambique. 329-45.
    Abstract: gastrointestinal nematodes, trypanosomes, simultaneous infections in sheep and goats, treatment for one or the other or both or neither, effect on productivity: south Mozambique
  159. Tabel, H. Activation of the alternative pathway of bovine complement by Trypanosoma congolense. 329-35.
    Abstract: Trypanosoma congolense and fractions thereof are able to activate complement system of normal bovine serum via alternative pathway
  160. Taylor, A. E. R, and V Smith. Micro-counterimmunoelectrophoresis: A rapid screening technique for trypanosomiasis. 481-86.
    Abstract: trypanosomiasis, man and animals, micro-counterimmunoelectrophoresis as rapid and economical screening technique
  161. Trape, J. F, and A. Zoulani. Etudes sur le paludisme dans une zone de mosaique foret-savane d'Afrique centrale, la region de Brazzaville. 1. Resultats des enquetes entomologiques: Bulletin De La Societe De Pathologie Exotique 80(1) 1987: 84-99, Illustr.
  162. Truc, P., D. Aerts, J. McNamara J, Y. Claes, R. Allingham, D. Le Ray, and D. Godfrey G. Direct isolation in vitro of Trypanosoma brucei from man and other animals, and its potential value for the diagnosis of gambian trypanosomiasis: Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 86(6), November-December 1992: 627-629, Illustr.
  163. Truc, P., F. Mathieu Daude, and M. Tibayrenc. Multilocus isozyme identification of Trypanosoma brucei stocks isolated in central Africa: evidence for an animal reservoir of sleeping sickness in Congo: Acta Tropica 49(2) 1991: 127-135, Illustr.
  164. Turner, M. J. Biochemistry of the variant surface glycoproteins of salivarian trypanosomes. 69-153.
    Abstract: salivarian trypanosomes, biochemistry of variant surface glycoproteins, review
  165. Ufkes, Els, J. H. Fred Jansen, and Geert Jan A. Brummer. 1998. Living Planktonic Foraminifera in the Eastern South Atlantic During Spring: Indicators of Water Masses, Upwelling and the Congo (Zaire) River Plume. Marine Micropaleontology 33, no. 1-2: 27-53.
    Abstract: Planktonic foraminifera were collected from pumped surface-water samples and net tows over the upper 150 m of the water column in the eastern South Atlantic Ocean during October and November 1989. Of the 24 recorded species, 12 occur abundantly and form 6 foraminiferal assemblages. The assemblages correlate with the physico-chemical properties of the 6 major surface-water masses. The correlation of species with low salinity is due to properties co-variant with salinity. At several locations, high concentrations of planktonic foraminifera were observed caused by frontal mixing or reproduction. The G. sacculifer-G. ruber white assemblage marks the South Equatorial Current in the surface waters, a minor contribution of G. menardii and N. dutertrei to this assemblage reflects the subsurface Equatorial Under Current. The N. dutertrei-G. siphonifera assemblage reflects the South Equatorial Counter Current and Equatorial Under Current. The N. pachyderma-G. bulloides assemblage reflects the coastal upwelling over the shelf and the filaments of mixed oceanic and upwelled water in the coastal branch of the Benguela Current (BC). The Angola-Benguela Front, at the interface of the warm currents and the BC, is reflected by the G. inflata-G. bulloides assemblage. An unusual coincidence of G. sacculifer-G. bulloides in one assemblage results from the interaction of the subtropical gyre and the oceanic branch of the BC. The G. ruber pink-hi dutertrei assemblage is attributed to the warm low-saline plume in front of the Congo (Zaire) River. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
  166. Weiland, G, K. H Geisselbrecht, and G Willberg. Investigations on native and African cattle breeds experimentally infected with Trypanosoma congolense: Untersuchungen an experimentell mit Trypanosoma congolense infizierten einheimischen und afrikanischen Rinderrassen. 297-300.
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    Abstract: Trypanosoma congolense challenge in cattle various times after berenil treatment to establish duration of prophylactic effect
  168. Whitelaw, D. D, J. A MacAskill, P. H Holmes, F. W Jennings, and G. M Urquhart. Immune mechanisms in C57Bl mice genetically resistant to Trypanosoma congolense infection. I. Effects of immune modulation. 85-94.
    Abstract: Trypanosoma congolense, immunosuppression of genetically resistant mice reduced their survival to near that of susceptible strains of mice, attempts to enhance immune response of susceptible mice (by using variety of immunostimulants, simultaneous vaccination with irradiated parasites at time of infection, passive immunization, or reducing number of parasites used for infection) failed to confer level of protection comparable to that of resistant mouse strains
  169. Williamson, J, J. C March, and T. J Scott-Finnigan. Drug synergy in experimental African trypanosomiasis. 76-82.
    Abstract: Trypanosoma rhodesiense, T. congolense, comparison of in vitro susceptibility to standard trypanocides; T. rhodesiense, in vitro and in vivo evaluation of possibilities of trypanocidal drug synergy
  170. Wilson, A. J, H. J Schwartz, R. B. Dolan, and W. M Olahu. A simple classification of different types of trypanosomiasis occurring in four camel herds in selected areas of Kenya. 220-224.
    Abstract: trypanosomiasis in 4 camel herds, point prevalence rates, incidence rates of both circulating trypanosomes and antibody according to age, chemotherapy, mortality, herd profiles constructed based on classification of animals into 5 types according to mortality, presence or absence of circulating trypanosomes and antibody, and presence or absence of emaciation and anemia
  171. Wydrzycka, B. U. M. 1996. The Species of Trachelomonas (Algas : Euglenophyta) in Three Volcanic Lakes of Costa Rica. Revista De Biologia Tropical 44, no. 2A: 477-84.
    Abstract: The algae of three lakes of volcanic origin, Laguna Hule, Congo and Bosque Alegre (740 m. above see level) were studied from 1989 to 1993. Five Trachelomonas (Euglenophyta) species and some of their varieties are described. Descriptions and drawings for the following seven taxa are presented: Trachelomonas volvocinopsis, T. volvocinopsis var. volvocinopsis fo. volvocinopsis, T. intermedia var. intermedia fo, intermedia, T. conica var. conica fo. punctata, T. gracilicostata sp. nov., T. gracilicostata var. reticulata var. nov. and T. raciborskii var. raciborskii. Except for the new taxa, the rest are cosmopolitan in distribution. The highest amount of inorganic iron, average 13.8 mg/l/depth in 1991-1992 in Laguna Hule, and the highest nutrient status and seston biomass, could be responsible for the abundance and diversity of Trachelomonas populations in this lagoon.
  172. Young, C. J, and D. G Godfrey. Enzyme polymorphism and the distribution of Trypanosoma congolense isolates. 467-81.
    Abstract: Trypanosoma congolense, enzyme elecrophoretic profiles were determined in 78 stocks collected from various hosts in African countries and were used by the computer to establish relationships within the collection, two major groupings corresponded remarkably closely to origin of stocks, some large groupings within these two main divisions also correlated with particular areas of origin
  173. Zachariasse, W. J, R. Schmidt R, and R. van Leeuwen J W. Distribution of Foraminifera and calcareous nannoplankton in Quaternary sediments of the eastern Angola Basin in response to climatic and oceanic fluctuations: Netherlands Journal of Sea Research 17(2-4) 1984: 250-275, Illustr.
  174. Zumbuhl, O, and H. G Weder. Cytotoxic effect of unilamellar detergent dialysis liposomes on Trypanosoma brucei and Trypanosoma congolense bloodstream forms in vitro. 869-77.
    Abstract: Trypanosoma brucei, T. congolense, cytotoxic effect of unilamellar detergent dialysis liposomes on bloodstream forms in vitro